Fīnis
Ogibbawaiae, -ārum (m. pl): The Ojibwe people
Dacōtae, -ārum (m. pl): The Dakota people
ruscōsus, -a, -um: Of ruscus (a type of shrub known as Furze or Broom.)
Nawadāha, -ae (m.): The name of a person known for his singing/story-telling.
bonassus, -ī (m.): The Bison (a large type of cattle native to North America)
ruscētum, -ī (n.): A place filled with ruscus (a type of shrub known as Furze or Broom.). A heath or dry moor.
pluviānus, -ī (m.): The Plover (a type of bird)
Tawasentha, -ae (f.): The name of the valley where Hiawatha was born.
Indicānus, -a, -um: Of the Native Americans, at one time called Indians (from the Latin Indicus, -a, -um meaning of India).
Hiawātha, -ae (m.): The title character of this poem.
berberis, -idis (f.): The barberry (Spina Acida).
Daemōn Suprēmus: The Great Spirit
tubulus, -ī (m.): A pipe (diminutive of tubus).
lapicīdīna, -ae (f.): Stone-quarry. Russa tubulōrum lapicīdīna: The Red Pipe-stone Quarry.
caerulēscēns: caeruleus + -escere: fit caeruleus
Wyominga, -ae (f.): Wyoming. A state in the USA.
Tuscalūsa, -ae (f.): Tuscaloosa. Located in the state of Alabama in the USA.
montēs Saxōsī (m.): The Rocky Mountains.
Delawarī... Ogibbawaiae: These are names of various tribes of Native Americans from all over the USA.
Summī Daemōnis: The Great Spirit
pācā minor: Literally: I threaten peace. Here, it likely means I order peace.
Magicēius, -ī (m.): A Latin name for Mudjekeewis. In Ojibwe mythology, Mudjekeewis is the first-born son of the West-Wind (E-bangishimog). However, in this story, Mudjekeewis is a person that becomes the West-Wind itself.
muriceus, -a, -um: from murex. In this book, murex is used for the special shells called Wampum, and valued as coin by the Native Americans.
dēdignanter (adv.) from dēdignārī meaning disdainfully
Mātūtīnus, Aestīvus, Arcticus: These are Latin versions of the names of Mudjekeewis' sons: Wabun, Sawondasee, and Kabibonokka (in that order).
iuncētum, -ī (n.): A place full of bulrushes: a type of plant that grows in wetlands (a.k.a. cattails).
gavia, -ae (f.): The Gull, a type of bird.
colymbus, -ī (f.): The Grebe, a species of Arctic fishing-bird, personified by the poet.
tesquum, -ī (n.): Wasteland, desert, or marshland.
hicce, haecce, hocce: hic, haec, hoc
Boream versus: toward the north, northward. Versus here is a preposition governing the accusative.
rubēcula, -ae (f.): The Robin, a type of bird with a red chest.
cyaneola, -ae (f.): The Blue-bird of America; also called Fringilla Caerulae by the author of this book because the color of the bird is more light blue (caeruleus) than dark blue (cyaneus).
tabācum, -ī (n.): tabacco
quī... subligat: which (i.e. month) binds snowshoes to feet for the inhabitants of the north.
pappus, -ī (m.): The down of the thistle and other similar plants.
carduus, -ī (m.): The Thistle, a type of prickly plant.
lānūginōsus, -a, -um: Woolly, downy
Dentem Leōnis: which wise-women (sagae) call the lion's tooth (i.e. the dandelion). Perhaps a play on words by the author?
Nocōmis, Nocomidis (f.): The mother of Primigenīa and the grandmother of Hiawatha.
Primigenīa, -ae (f.): The mother of Hiawatha and the daughter of Nocomis.
tiliāceus, -a, -um: Of basswood/linden
noctuolus, -ī (m.): An owlet; a little owl
salisubsula, -ae (f.): A dancer or tumbler
Iāgo, -ōnis (m.): A friend of Nocomis
praevigil, -ilis (adj.): Very watchful
tarandrīnus, -a, -um (adj.): Of a reindeer
iaspar, -aris (n.): Jasper, a rock often used as a gemstone
antelaphus, -ī (m.): The antelope
bonassus, -ī (m.): The bison
Esconabius, -ī (m.): The Escanaba river, located in Michigan's Upper Peninsula.
Missisippius, -ī (m.): The Mississippi river, which flows from Minnesota to the Gulf of Mexico.
Corvīnōsque Vulpīnōs: From the original "the land of Crows and Foxes." The exact meaning is unclear.
Nigripedēs: The Blackfeet is the name of an indigenous tribe.
noctifugus, -a , -um (adj.): That which puts night to flight
praecipitēs Minnehāhae: The Falls of Minnehaha, a waterfall.
Minnehāha, -ae (f.): The name of Hiawatha's love. In the Dakota language, it means "waterfall," but is said to mean "laughing water." She is named after the Minnehaha waterfall.
Lacus Maximus: Lake Superior, the largest of the Great Lakes
myrtillum, ī (n.): The bilberry
grossulāria, -ae (f.): The gooseberry
harenga, -ae (f.): The herring, a type of fish
Zeānus, -ī (m.): In the original, the name is Mondamin. Mondamin is an Anishinaabe maize (corn) deity, who first gave corn to humans. The Latin name is based on the word zēā, which is used here to mean maizium (corn).
acipenser, -eris (m.): The strugeon, a type of fish.
Zēae Indicānae (f.): Of "Indian" grain, i.e. maize/corn
betulleus, -a, -um: Of birch, a type of tree.
Daemonis Suprēmī: The Great Spirit
Chibiabus, -ī (m.): One of Hiawatha's dearest friends, known to be a musician.
Quasinda, -ae (m.): One of Hiawatha's dearest friends, known to be very strong.
terra Futūrī: From the original, this is the "Land of the Hereafter" (i.e. the afterlife).
Pautingis, -is: The Pauwating River, located in Wisconsin.
Taquamenāvius, -ī (m.): The Tahquamenon River, located in Michigan.
thōrāceus, -a, -um: Of the chest/breastplate (adjective form of thōrāx)
squalus, -ī (m.): The shark. Squalus spatula or acipenser is the "strugeon" of the Mississippi.
lupus, -ī (m.): The pike, a type of fish.
orthagoriscus, -ī (m.) mola: The sunfish.
pandicauda, -ae (f.): In the original, the squirrel is called "tail-in-air."
in ūsum brūmae sēbāceum: to use as a candle in winter
sēbāceus, -ī (m.): A tallow-candle.
margarīteus, -a, -um: of pearl
atror, -ōris (f.): blackness (a "poetical" form of ātritās, which seems to have been created by the author)
extrōrsum: outwards (opposite of introrsum)
Dacōtidus, -a, -um: Of the Dakotan people.
grātiā: (adv.) For the sake of (+abl.)
pīneīs nucāmentīs: pine cones
bonasseus, -a, -um: Of bison.
urus, -ī (m.): The buffalo.
lutrīnus, -a, -um: Of an otter.
soleae nivāriae (f. pl.): Snowshoes
Procellārium: In the original he is called "Storm-Fool," but here it just means "man of storms."
dāmeus, -a, -um: Of a fallow-deer.
penneus, -a, um: Of feathers.
supersultāns: jumping over/above
lacustris, -e (adj): Of lakes (from lacus).
effascināmentum, -ī (n.): An object which thoroughly fascinates.
purpurissāns: painting purple
Suprēmī Daemonis: The Great Spirit
Sīderis Vespertīnī: The Evening Star
sīderis muliebris: The Star of Woman, another name for the Evening Star.
glōs, glōris (f.): A sister-in-law
harmonia, -ae (f.): Melody (not harmony)
tremere, quassārī: historical infinitives (i.e. the house trembles and is shaken)
ēlāta: casula ēlāta
subsultus, -ūs (m.): a little leap (i.e. a hop)
Maximī nostrī Lacūs: Lake Superior
tenerum: carmen tenerum
daemon, -is (m.): a spirit (neither good or evil), but in this specific chapter, spirits of evil.
Neptūnus Dacōtēnsis: Here Neptune is used as a generic term for "the god of water." In the original poem, the name is "Unktahee."
ad septimum nūndinum: The Nundinae were market days held every 9 days. Nundinum is the space of time between market days (i.e. 8 days); however, here it is being used to represent a week. ad septimum nundinum for 7 weeks (until the 7th weekly span of time).
ad rēgna Futūrī: From the original, this is the "Land of the Hereafter." (i.e. the afterlife)
Ventōsō sollerte / Procellārium: In the original, the name is "Pau-Puk-Keewis," also known as the "Storm-Fool"
(omnia) dētracta: "all the things (previously mentioned) taken from ..."
This first stanza summarizes/condenses the first half of chapter 16 from the original poem. Pau-Puk-Keewis (i.e. Ventosus) wants a companion and plays to win the nephew of Lagoo (an old man). In this version, the relationship is that of a father and son.
rēnō, -ōnis (m.): a garment made from reindeer-skin.
pertingo, -ere: to reach, to arrive. There is no attested form in the perfect tense, but "pertigit" is formed following the pattern of "tangere," which is the root of this word.
insultanter (adv.): insolently, tauntingly, insultingly
Tonitrālī iugō: the Thunder Mountains. It's uncertain what specific mountain range this refers to. There are several specific mountain peeks called "Thunder Mountain" in the North America.
Cereris Indicae: corn (maize). Ceres is the goddes of grain, and her name is often used to represent grain itself. Thus "Indian grain" means corn.
divulus, -ī (m.) or divula (f.): A sprite or fairy. A lesser spirit.
dameus, -a, -um: Adjective form from dama. Of a fallow-deer.
Vernō: In the original, his name is Segwun, the spring.
Brūmālem: In the originla, his name is Peboan, the winter.
[^18.4] Septem versus Trīonem: More correctly, versus septentriones, in a northward direction.
Virginica: A flower known as "Spring Beauty." Scientific name Claytonia Virginica. In the original story, it is called Miskodeed. It is the earliest flower of spring.
lineātim: "line-like," in the fashion of a line.
solem versus: Toward the sun
inquiēbant: Not an attested form, but clearly the imperfect of inquit.